In the realm of orthopedic surgery, medical-grade titanium rod implants have emerged as a renowned choice for treating a variety of bone injuries. These implants are produced from high-grade titanium, a substance renowned for its exceptional durability, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. The outstanding mechanical properties of titanium

PbSe quantum nanocrystal solar cells represent a promising avenue for achieving high photovoltaic efficiency. These devices leverage the unique optoelectronic properties of PbSe nanostructures, which exhibit size-tunable bandgaps and exceptional light absorption in the visible spectrum. By precisely tuning the size and composition of the PbSe cryst